What is the meaning of "non-maleficence"?

The concept of "non-maleficence" is a fundamental principle in medical ethics that emphasizes the obligation to do no harm to patients. This principle requires healthcare providers to avoid causing any unnecessary suffering or injury during the course of treatment. It stresses the importance of considering the potential risks and harms that a medical intervention might entail, and it obligates practitioners to take measures to minimize any negative impacts on the patient's well-being.

In practice, non-maleficence guides clinicians in making decisions about patient care, ensuring that actions taken are in the best interest of the patient and do not lead to adverse consequences. For instance, when weighing treatment options, a healthcare provider must consider whether the benefits of a proposed treatment outweigh the potential for harm.

The other options focus on different aspects of medical ethics or practice. One refers to informed consent, which is essential but distinct from the principle of non-maleficence. Another suggests the promotion of aggressive treatment strategies, which could potentially conflict with the commitment to do no harm. Lastly, the idea of making decisions for patients touches on the concept of paternalism, which can sometimes undermine the patient's autonomy and is not aligned with the principle of non-maleficence.