What is the "duty to warn" in medical ethics?

The concept of "duty to warn" in medical ethics specifically refers to the obligation of healthcare providers to inform third parties who may be at risk due to a patient's actions or potential harm. This duty arises primarily in situations where a patient poses a threat to others, and the healthcare provider has the knowledge and ability to prevent that harm by alerting the affected individuals, such as potential victims or authorities.

For example, if a patient expresses intent to harm another individual, the healthcare provider has a moral and sometimes legal responsibility to warn that person or take steps to prevent the potential harm. This principle balances patient confidentiality with the necessity to protect others from foreseeable harm.

Understanding the nuances of this ethical duty is crucial because it navigates the complex interplay between respecting patient privacy and ensuring public safety. The "duty to warn" is especially pertinent in situations involving mental health and substance abuse, where a patient's state may pose risks not only to themselves but also to others.