What documentation can clarify a patient's end-of-life wishes?

A living will is a legal document specifically designed to outline a patient's wishes regarding medical treatment and interventions in scenarios where they are unable to communicate their preferences, particularly at the end of life. It typically addresses the types of medical care a person wishes to receive or decline, including the use of artificial life support and pain management options.

By explicitly stating a patient's desires about their medical treatment in these critical circumstances, a living will serves as a key resource for healthcare providers and family members when making decisions that align with the patient's preferences. Unlike a power of attorney, which designates a person to make decisions on behalf of the patient, or healthcare provider notes and insurance policies, a living will directly articulates the individual’s treatment wishes, providing clear guidance during emotionally charged situations.

This clarity is essential in ensuring that healthcare teams respect the patient’s autonomy and values, reducing confusion or potential conflict among family members or caregivers during the end-of-life process. Thus, the living will serves a unique and vital role in medical ethics relating to patient rights and decision-making at the end of life.